Gene

miRNA

  Human scgf gene's targets for miRNA are focused on the 3'-UTR around AATAAA polyA signal (below). Twenty-two human scgf-targeting miRNAs could play an important role in regulating polyA tail-addition for scgf mRNA.




  Human scgf gene's targets (■) for miRNAs in the 3'-UTR following 4th exon (IV), in the midst of which AATAAA
  polyA signal (■) is located. (miRBase,microRNA.org) Scale bar indicates nucleotide length.

  Nucleotide sequence of scgfgene's target for miRNA is shown below; relevant miRNA on the right margin, aataaa polyA signal, 4th exon underlined.

    57541  tcccgcggtt ctgaccacgc ctcctcccag ccctccccat gagttcctgg ccccgcctcc
    57601  ctccaccccc ggatgttttg tcctcgcccc cttccagact ctgaatgcat gaccccgcct
    57661  ccttctctac ccggccccgc ccacaggctg cctgaagggg ctgcgcctgg gccacaagtg  4th exon
    57721  cttcctgctc tcgcgcgact tcgaagctca ggcggcggcg caggcgcggt gcacggcgcg
    57781  gggcgggagc ctggcgcagc cggcagaccg ccagcagatg gaggcgctca ctcggtacct
    57841  gcgcgcggcg ctcgctccct acaactggcc cgtgtggctg ggcgtgcacg atcggcgcgc
    57901  cgagggcctc tacctcttcg aaaacggcca gcgcgtgtcc ttcttcgcct ggcatcgctc
    57961  accccgcccc gagctcggcg cccagcccag cgcctcgccg catccgctca gcccggacca
    58021  gcccaacggt ggcacgctcg agaactgcgt ggcgcaggcc tctgacgacg gctcctggtg
    58081  ggaccacgac tgccagcggc gtctctacta cgtctgcgag ttccccttct agcggggccg  hsa-miR-663
    58141  gtaccccgcc tccctgccca tcccaccacc cggcctttcc ctgcgccgtg cccaccctcc  hsa-miR-541
    58201  tccggaatct cccttccctt cctggccacg aatggcagcg tcctccccga cccccagtct  hsa-miR-151-3p
    58261  gggcgcttct gggagggctc ttgcggtgcc ggcactcctc cttgttagtg tctttccttg  hsa-miR-371-3p
    58321  aaggggcggg caccaggcta ggtccggtgc caataaatcc ttgtggaatc tgacttgagg  hsa-miR-615-3p
    58381  ggcagtgaag gcagtcttgg actttatctc ctgcagggga agccgggaag ggccagaccc  hsa-miR-328
    58441  tggtctttgg gcgcgtgtcc tggcctttgg atgcctgttc tgctttttac agatgtcatt
    58501  tgagccccag atggagtgat ggagaaacac aggtgcatat gtacacacgg tcatctgttc
    58561  tgtgcacaga tggccggagt acacgcgtac aaacgctgta gacaccttca cctccatcgt  hsa-miR-210
    58621  gccctctctc tcggcctttg ggacccaggg cctgccagtt gtcccaggcc ttggtcttgg
    58681  tcctggtcaa agagatttgg gaaacgtgaa ggggctaaag gctctgacaa gtccggcagg
    58741  aaagagcccg tttaatttgt ttaagtggcg tgtccaattt gtttccccag atgatatggt  hsa-miR-302a
    58801  ttcatggact tgttgggatg atatattgag acatggactt aaggactcac ccaaccctga
    58861  agcttagact tcctcccaat tttccctcct ctgcttcctg ccagtgaggc caggagccag  hsa-miR-149
    58921  tcccttcccc tctgtgagcc tcgggttttt catctgaacg tgggcacaat ccctcctact
    58981  ttgtgcggct cttgggatgt tcaggtgaga ccaggacagt gtgcatttgg tggtggctga  hsa-miR-105
    59041  acttgagcca cacactacct tccgtcctca cctttttttt tccttttttg agacacggtc  
    59101  ttgctctttc gcccaggctg gagtgcagtg gtacaatcat ggcttactgc agcctcaatc  hsa-miR-367
    59161  ttctgggttc aagcagtcct cccaccttag ccccccaagt agctgggact acaggcacgc

  Ninety-five miRNAs are predicted to target scgf  (miRNA Interaction Explorer at MGI, Mouse Genome Informatics, The
Jackson Laboratory).
  Mammalian scgf-targeting miRNAs deposited in miRBase and microRNA.orginclude 21 Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee) miRNAs, 27 Macaca mulatta (Macaque) miRNAs, 42 Mus musculus (Mouse) miRNAs, 12 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) miRNAs  and 18 Monodelphis domestica (Opossum) miRNAs (table below).

Scgf-targeting miRNA
Homo sapiens (Human)	Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee)	Macaca mulatta (Macaque)	Mus musculus(Mouse)	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)	Monodelphis domestica(Opossum)
hsa-miR-663	hsa-miR-149	hsa-miR-541	mmu-miR-362	hsa-miR-639	mdo-miR-138
hsa-miR-541	hsa-miR-371	hsa-miR-608	mmu-miR-667	mmu-miR-675	mmu-miR-702
hsa-miR-151	mmu-miR-466	mmu-miR-719	hsa-miR-548	mmu-miR-546	mmu-miR-464
hsa-miR-371	ptr-miR-24	hsa-miR-184	hsa-miR-938	hsa-miR-516	mmu-miR-466
hsa-miR-615	hsa-miR-887	hsa-miR-564	mmu-miR-297	rno-miR-221	mmu-miR-687
hsa-miR-328	mmu-miR-743	hsa-miR-638	mmu-miR-124	rno-miR-222	bta-miR-210
hsa-miR-210	ptr-miR-105	hsa-miR-138	hsa-miR-650	hsa-miR-432	mmu-miR-676
hsa-miR-302	ptr-miR-147	hsa-miR-193	hsa-miR-631	rno-miR-208	mmu-miR-540
hsa-miR-149	hsa-miR-615	hsa-miR-658	hsa-miR-612	hsa-miR-559	bta-miR-331
hsa-miR-105	hsa-miR-210	mml-miR-96	mmu-miR-145	hsa-miR-548	hsa-miR-431
hsa-miR-367	hsa-miR-489	hsa-miR-371	mmu-miR-33	rno-miR-18	mdo-miR-196
	hsa-miR-502	hsa-miR-361	mmu-miR-675	rno-miR-431	hsa-miR-596
	hsa-miR-541	hsa-miR-631	hsa-miR-605		bta-miR-361
	mmu-miR-690	hsa-miR-151	mmu-miR-330		hsa-miR-766
	hsa-miR-663	mmu-miR-344	hsa-miR-569		hsa-miR-877
	hsa-miR-892	hsa-miR-675	hsa-miR-595		hsa-miR-885
	hsa-miR-885	hsa-miR-515	hsa-miR-559		hsa-miR-892
	hsa-miR-367	hsa-miR-632	hsa-miR-589		hsa-miR-639
	hsa-miR-564	mmu-miR-883	hsa-miR-516
	hsa-miR-933	hsa-miR-339	mmu-miR-19
	mmu-miR-681	hsa-miR-615	mmu-miR-216
		mmu-miR-540	hsa-miR-502
		hsa-miR-331	mmu-miR-147
		hsa-miR-938	mmu-miR-466
		hsa-miR-663	hsa-miR-432
		hsa-miR-654	mmu-miR-193
		mmu-miR-689	mmu-miR-671
			mmu-miR-302
			mmu-miR-339
			hsa-miR-518
			mmu-miR-221
			mmu-miR-678
			mmu-miR-199
			mmu-miR-511
			mmu-miR-222
			hsa-miR-326
			hsa-miR-648
			mmu-miR-470
			mmu-miR-18
			mmu-miR-872
			mmu-miR-19a

  It is strikingly noteworthy that tissue/organ expression of human scgf-targeting miRNAs parallel that of scgf gene. (see table below [microRNA.org] and also Gene Expression section) Hematopoietic tissues, bone, brain, breast, liver, testis and uterus are common tissues/organs expressing gene and miRNA. Their correlation implicates that human scgf-targeting miRNAs potentially down-regulate stem cell growth in those tissues/organs.
  Mouse scgf-targeting miRNA in mES cells includes mmu-miR-19a, mmu-miR-19b, mmu-miR-190, mmu-miR-190b, mmu-miR-216a, mmu-miR-216b, mmu-miR-221 and mmu-miR-222 (ESCAPE; Embryonic Stem Cells Atlas of Pluripotency
Evidence).
  Murine term (18.5dpc) myometrium up-regulates miR-200 family relative to pregnant (15.5dpc) one, of which scgf-targeting mmu-miR-221 and 222 are not up-regulated, whereas scgf gene expression is 2.8-fold down-regulated in the term uterus (292).
  Scgf mRNA, hsa-miR-378c,d,f,i miRNA and ENST00000590159.1 lncRNA are differentially and interrelatedly expressed in human intracranial saccular aneurysm (556).

Human scgf-targeting miRNA
hsa-miRNA	Chromosome location	hsa-miRNA signature
hsa-miR-663	20p11.1: 26188822-26188914	high GC content [Comput. Biol. Chem. 32:222-226, 2008] exclusively expressed in chondroblasts but not in osteoblasts and adipocytes when they are differentiated from MSCs i n vivo  [Exp. Hematol. 36:1354-1369, 2008] up-regulated in smooth muscle cells along differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and uterine leiomyosarcoma tissue [Am. J. Pathol. 177:908-917, 2010] up-regulated in the cobblestone area of glycophorin A+ and CD44+ TF-1 leukemia cells adherent to mouse bone marrow-derived hyaluronan-producing MS-5 cells relative to monocultured TF-1 cells [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 392:271-276, 2010] up-regulated during differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells induced by a product of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 46:282-288, 2009] differentially modulated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated with combination of TLR4 agonist, LPS and TLR8 agonist, resiquimod (R848) with respect to single agonists  [Blood 114:796-806, 2009] specifically expressed in lung cancer [Nucleic Acids Res. 38:6234- 6246, 2010] up-regulated in adenocarcinoma tissue relative to squamous cell carcinoma tissue in male smoker patients with lung cancer [Clin. Cancer Res.16:430-441, 2010] up-regulated in Huh7.5.1 human hepatoma cells infected with the JFH-1-derived cell culture-grown HCV relative to UV-inactivated HCV [Virology 398:57-67, 2010] associated with c-myc and p53 mRNAs in free and cytoskeleton- and membrane-bound polysome populations of regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy [Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 297:G1181-G1192, 2009] TGF-β1-targeting hsa-miR-663 is up-regulated in SW480 human colon cancer cells treated with a natural antioxidant, resveratrol, to repress TGF-β1 mRNA expression [Biochem. Pharmacol. 80:2057- 2065, 2010] down-regulated in androgen-independent LNCaP C4-2B and PC3 human prostate cancer cells, compared to androgen-dependent LNCaP and PC3-AR9 cells [RNA 14:417-424, 2008] down-regulated in BGC823 andSNU5 human gastric cancer cells relative to normal cells, and transfection with hsa-miR-663 up- regulates cyclin B to suppress their proliferation [Oncol. Rep. 24:105 -112, 2010] up-regulated in peripheral blood MNCs and EBV-transformed B cells from lupus nephritis [PLoS ONE 5:e10344, 2010] down-regulated in lupus nephritis kidney [Rheumatol. Int. 29:749- 754, 2009] down-regulated in the renal cortex from patients with acute rejection after renal transplantation [Transpl. Immunol. 19:81-85, 2008] up-regulated in lymphoblastoid cell lines from autistic subjects relative to normal controls [Autism Res.1:240-250, 2008] Appetite and energy expenditure-regulating peptide YY (PYY) SNP (rs162431:1134C/A)-targeting hsa-miR-663 down-regulates PYY to invite obesity [J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94:4557-4566, 2009] up-regulated in M1 AML cells relative to M5 AML cells. [Am. J. Hematol. 86:2-11, 2011] useful for differentiating chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from papillary and clear cell renal cell carcinoma, since hsa-miR-663 is up -regulated and down-regulated in the former and the latter renal cell carcinomas, respectively [Eur. Urol. 59:721-730, 2011] down-regulated in human adipocytes relative to preadipocytes [Mol. Cell. Biol. 31:626-638, 2011]
hsa-miR-541	14q32.31: 101530832-101530915	3' UTR of androgen receptor (AR)-targeting hsa-miR-541 is down- regulated in human AR+ LNCaP, 22Rv1, MDA-PCa-2b, LAPC-4 and CWR-R1 prostate cancer cells. Transfection with miR-541 down-regulates AR and more efficiently inhibits cell growth of androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells than AR siRNAs or treatment with Casodex. [Cancer Res. 71:1956-1967, 2011]
hsa-miR-151	8q24.3: 141742663-141742752	derived from L2 (LINE) transposable element [Genetics 176:1323- 1337, 2007] detected above background in the normal peripheral blood cells [Mol. Diagn. 9:452-458, 2007] down-regulated in CD3+CD4+CD25hi+CD127-regulatory T cells relative to CD4+CD25+ T cells [Cell. Immunol. 260:70-74, 2010] down-regulated in CD3+CD4+  T cells from lymphocytic variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome patients compared with CD3+CD4+  T cells from normal controls [Blood 114:2969-2983, 2009] up-regulated in erythroid cells differentiated from human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and K562 cells [Exp. Hematol. 35:551 -564, 2007] MPL-targeting hsa-miR-151 is up-regulated in platelets from patients with JAK2V617F+ essential thrombocythemia and MPL W515L+primary myelofibrosis, and down-regulates MPL to induce myeloproliferative disorder. [Blood 116:437-445, 2010] BCR-ABL1-mediated down-regulation in bone marrow MNCs and CD34+ cells from CML patients [Mol. Cancer Res. 6:1830-1840, 2008] down-regulated in IGHV-unmutated 17p-  CLL cells but not in IGHV -mutated 17p-  CLL cells, and up-regulated in trisomy 12 CLL cells relative to the other CLL subclasses [Blood 114:3872-3879, 2009] up-regulated in C22.20 and HC.21 colorectal cancer cells treated with 5-FU [Eur. J. Cancer 46:298-311, 2010] down-regulated in colorectal cancer tissue with stable microsatellite relative to that with unstable microsatellite [Cancer Res. 68:6416-6424, 2008] down-regulated in Huh7.5.1 human hepatoma cells infected with the JFH-1-derived cell culture-grown HCV relative to UV-inactivated HCV [Virology 398:57-67, 2010] amplified in hepatocellular carcinoma and facilitates tumor invasion and metastasis mainly through hsa-miR-151-5p, but not through hsa-miR-151-3p [Nature Cell Biol. 12:390-399, 2010] copy number gain in ovarian cancer, breast cancer and melanoma [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:9136-9141, 2006] TRAIL-induced caspase-3 activation is inhibited in MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells transfected with hsa-miR-151. [Cancer Res. 67: 10782-10788, 2007] up-regulated in the peripheral blood cells from patients with melanoma [BMC Cancer 10:262, 2010] up-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue relative to normal controls [Cancer Res. 68:26-33, 2008] up-regulated in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma tissue [Int. J. Cancer 124:1358-1365, 2009] up-regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue relative to paired adjacent normal tissue [Am. J. Pathol.174:736- 745, 2009] up-regulated in muscle specimens from patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophies types 2A and 2B, Miyoshi myopathy and nemaline myopathy [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:17016-17021, 2007] up-regulated in the frontal cortex and striate corpus from patients with Huntington's disease [Nucleic Acids Res. 38:7219-7235, 2010]
hsa-miR-371	19q13.42: 54290929-54290995	stem cell-specific ES cell-specific, i.e. only expressed in SNU-hES3 and MIZ-hES1 human ES cells, but not in embryonal carcinoma or other cells [Dev. Biol. 270:488-498, 2004] up-regulated in human ES cells and trophoblast cell line [Stem Cells 26:1506-1516, 2008] up-regulated in the malignant germ cell tumors including yolk sac tumor and seminoma/embryonal carcinoma [Cancer Res. 70:2911- 2923, 2010] up-regulated in human testes from patients with non-obstructive azoospermia [Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 7:13, 2009] up-regulated upon in vitro  replicative senescence of human MSCs [PLoS ONE 3:e2213, 2008] not expressed in 3D5, Jurkat, K562, CMK, HL-60 and U937 leukemia cells [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 349:59-68, 2006] down-regulated in bone marrow cells from patients with AML relative to normal bone marrow CD34+ cells [Blood 111:3183-3189, 2008] up-regulated over 10-fold higher in the placentas than in maternal blood cells, and undetectable in postdelivery maternal plasma [Clin. Chem. 54:482-490, 2008] TRAIL-induced caspase-3 activation is enhanced in MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells transfected with hsa-miR-371. [Cancer Res.67: 10782-10788, 2007] Expression of hsa-miR-371 in ovarian cancer cell lines is associated with in vitro  resistance to docetaxel. [Gynecol. Oncol. 113:249-255, 2009] up-regulated in liver tissue from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis [J. Autoimmun. 32:246-253, 2009] up-regulated in peripheral MNCs and EBV-transformed B cell lines from lupus nephritis [PLoS ONE 5:e10344, 2010] up-regulated in human ES, neural precursor and glioma cells [Neuro-Oncol. 12:422-433, 2010] highly expressed in 2102Ep and NTERA-2 human embryonal carcinoma cells and BG01V, HuES-9, -20, -21 and -22 human ES cells [Stem Cells 25:437-446, 2007] highly expressed in human ES cells with a lower expression level in EB cells, and undetectable in adult brain tissue. [Stem Cells Dev. 16: 1003-1016, 2007] down-regulated in AML cells relative to CD34+ cells from healthy donors. [Blood 111:3183-3189, 2008] down-regulated in the bone marrow cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [Leuk. Res. 35:188-195, 2011]
hsa-miR-615	12q13.13: 54427734-54427829	high GC content [Comput. Biol. Chem. 32:222-226, 2008] up-regulated in plerixafor- or G-CSF-mobilized rhesus macaque peripheral blood CD34+ cells relative to plerixafor plus G-CSF- mobilized CD34+ cells [Blood114:2530-2541, 2009] dow-nregulatedin HT29 colon cancer cells transfected with tumor suppressor nasopharyngeal carcinoma-associated gene 6 (NGX6) [Mol. Cell. Biochem. 345:283-290, 2010] up-regulated in resveratrol-treated SW480 human colon cancer cells [Biochem. Pharmacol. 80:2057-2065, 2010] up-regulated in invasive human lung squamous carcinoma cells relative to carcinoma in situ cells [Eur. Respir. J. 33:352-359, 2009] down-regulated in lupus nephritis kidney [Rheumatol. Int. 29:749- 754, 2009] down-regulated in atopic dermatitis skin [J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol. 126:581-589, 2010] up-regulated in estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer cells relative to the receptor-negative cancer cells and as well as to nontumorigenic immortalized cells. [Cancer Res. 70:9175-9184, 2010]
hsa-miR-328	16q22.1: 67236224-67236298	high GC content [Comput. Biol. Chem. 32:222-226, 2008] detected in primary human macrophages [Cell. Immunol. 263:1-8, 2010] up-regulated in bone marrow cells from patients with t(11q23) AML versus all other AMLs [Blood 111:3183-3189, 2008] up-regulated in mantle cell lymphoma cells relative to normal CD19 + B lymphocytes [Blood 115:2630-2639, 2010] down-regulated in human colorectal cancer tissues [J. Genet. Genomics 37:347-358, 2010] Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2)-targeting hsa- miR-328 down-regulates expression of BCRP/ABCG2 in MCF-7 and MCF-7/MX100 breast cancer cells [Mol. Pharmacol. 75:1374- 1379, 2009] down-regulated in pure antiestrogen fulvestrant-resistant MCF7- FR breast cancer cells relative to their drug-sensitive parental estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 cells. [Bioinformatics 25:430-434, 2009] down-regulated in SF268, SF295, SF539, SNB19, SNB75 and U251 central nervous system tumor cell lines [Cancer Res. 67:2456-2468, 2007] RE1-silencing transcription factor up-regulates hsa-miR-328 in the frontal cortex from patients with Huntington disease relative to normal controls [Nucleic Acids Res. 38:7219-7235, 2010] up-regulated in the prion-induced neurodegenerative brains of mice infected with mouse-adapted scrapie [PLoS ONE 3:e3652, 2008] Neurokinin-1 receptor-targeting hsa-miR-328 is up-regulated in bladder tissue from patients with chronic bladder pain syndrome. [Am. J. Pathol. 176:288-303, 2010] up-regulated in liver tissue from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis [J. Autoimmun. 32:246-253, 2009] down-regulated in atopic dermatitis skin [Clin. Immunol. 126:581- 589, 2010] down-regulated in human ES, neural precursor and glioma cells [Neuro-Oncol. 12:422-433, 2010] up-regulated in t(11q23) AML cells relative to other type AML cells. [Blood 111:3183-3189, 2008] Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2)-targeting hsa- miR-328 down-regulates expression of BCRP/ABCG2 in MCF-7/ MX100 breast cancer cells. Hsa-miR-328 is down-regulated in human stem-like BCRP/ABCG2+ RB143 retinoblastoma cells relative to BCRP/ABCG2- non-stem-like cells. [Biochem. Pharmacol. 81:783-792, 2011] Hsa-miR-328 is epigenetically silenced in urothelial cell carcinoma by more frequent and dense hypermethylation in CpG shores than islands. [Clin. Cancer Res. 17:1287-1296, 2011]
hsa-miR-210	11p15.5: 568089-568198	HIF-1α-inducible miR under hypoxia hsa-miR-210 is HIF-1α-dependently expressed in a variety of tumor types under hypoxia, and ectopic expression of hsa-miR-210 in human tumor cells represses their growth in immunodeficient mice. [Mol. Cell 35:856-867, 2009] Hypoxia stabilizes HIF-1αto up-regulate hsa-miR-210 in the murine ischemic wound, which limits keratinocyte proliferation. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107:6976-6981, 2010] HIF-1α-responsive hsa-miR-210 induces hypoxia-dependent tissue ischemia, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. [Cell Cycle 9:1072- 1083, 2010] Ischemic preconditioning reduces apoptosis in rat MSCs through HIF -1α and miR-210 induction via FLASH/Casp8ap2  suppression. [J. Biol. Chem. 284:33161-33168, 2009] up-regulated in day-12 neurons from human bone marrow-derived MSCs relative to uninduced MSCs, but the up-regulation of hsa- miR -210 is not repressed when the day-12 neurons are treated with IL-1α to induceTac1-encoded neurotransmitter substance P, indicating that hsa-miR-210 does not take a part in synthesis of substance P. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:15484-15489, 2007] up-regulated in erythroid cells differentiated from human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and K562 cells [Exp.Hematol. 35:551 -564, 2007] up-regulated in trophectoderm cells relative to blastocysts [Nucleic Acids Res. 38:5141-5151, 2010] not up-regulated in primary human trophoblasts under hypoxia [FASEB J. 24:2030-2039, 2010] detected in primary human macrophages [Cell. Immunol. 263:1-8, 2010] down-regulated in TK-6 human lymphoblast cell line under cellular stress such as 6-day folate deficiency or arsenic exposure compared with control [Cancer Res. 66:10843-10848, 2006] hsa-miR-210-targeting PML-RARA up-regulates hsa-miR-210 in primary and NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells by all- trans  retinoic acid, indicating that transcriptional repression of the hsa-miR-210 by PML-RARA is an essential cancer attribute of APL. [Blood 113:412-421, 2009] up-regulated in germinal center B cell type diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells [Blood 116:3111, 2010] up-regulated in serum from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients [Br. J. Haematol. 141:672-675, 2008] up-regulated in mantle cell lymphoma cells relative to normal CD19 + B lymphocytes [Blood 115:2630-2639, 2010] highly expressed in quiescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but not down-regulated in response to IL-3 or bFGF [Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30:1562-1568, 2010] Hypoxia-induced HIF-1 up-regulates ephrin-A3- or neuronal pentraxin 1-targeting hsa-miR-210 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. [FEBS Lett. 582:2397-2401, 2008] Ephrin-A3-targeting hsa-miR-210 is up-regulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hypoxia to promote survival, migration, and differentiation of endothelial cells. [J. Biol. Chem. 283: 15878-15883, 2008] expressed in adult mouse retina and E10 embryo [J. Biol. Chem. 282: 25053-25066, 2007] down-regulated in adenovirus type 3-infected human laryngeal epithelial cells [J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 915980, 2010] up-regulated in lung cancer tissue [Cancer Cell. 9:189-198, 2006] up-regulated in the lung cancer tissue relative to adjacent normal tissue [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 388:483-489, 2009] up-regulated in lung adenocaricoma tissue relative to adjacent non- tumourous lung parenchyma [Eur. J. Cancer 45:2197-2206, 2009] up-regulated in the lung adenocarcinoma tissue relative to adjacent normal tissue [AACR Meeting Abstracts 2009:570, 2009] up-regulated in the lung cancer tissue relative to normal lung tissue and in mutant EGFR lung cancer tissue relative to wild-type lung cancer tissue [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:12085-12090, 2009] down-regulated in EGFR-silenced CL1-5 human lung cancer cells [Cancer Res. 70:8822-8831, 2010] not differentially regulated in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells in the culture with cisplatin, C2-ceramide or cadmium dichloride, and transfection of A549 cells with pre-hsa-miR-210 induces a minor G2-M blockage [Cancer Res. 70:1793-1803, 2010] up-regulated in squamous cell lung cancer tissue relative to adjacent normal lung tissue [Cancer Res. 69:5776-5783, 2009] Hypoxia in MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cells up-regulates HIF-1 and mitochondrial iron sulfur scaffold protein (ISCU)-targeting hsa-miR- 210, and down-regulation of ISCU causes enhanced cancer cell survival and a worse prognosis. [PLoS ONE 5:e10345, 2010] Hypoxia up-regulates hsa-miR-210 HIF-1α-dependently in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, Hep3B hepatoblastoma cells, HeLa uterine cervix adenocarcinoma cells, and VHL (von Hippel-Lindau)- dependently in RCC4 renal cancer cells transfected with VHL. Its expression level in breast cancer samples is an independent prognostic factor. [Clin. Cancer Res. 14:1340-1348, 2008] associated with estrogen receptor (ER)+, lymph node-negative (LNN) breast cancer aggressiveness and metastatic capability in the ER+, LNN breast cancer and ER-, progesterone receptor-, HER -2 amplication- breast cancer [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 105: 13021-13026, 2008] a potential biomarker for predicting clinical outcome in breast cancer [AACR Meeting Abstracts 2008:929, 2008] hsa-miR-210 is HIF-1α-dependently up-regulated in HT29 and HCT116 colon and MCF7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells under hypoxia, and decreases proapoptotic signaling. [Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:1859-1867, 2007] most overexpressed miR in high-grade versus low-grade breast tumor tissue [RNA 15:716-723, 2009] DNA repair factor, RAD52-targeting hsa-miR-210 is HIF-1α- dependently up-regulated in HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells under hypoxia [Cancer Res. 69:1221-1229, 2009] down-regulated in C22.20 and HC.21 colorectal cancer cells treated with 5-FU [Eur. J. Cancer 46:298-311, 2010] up-regulated in colon adenocarcinoma tissue relative to adjacent nontumorous tissue [JAMA 299:425-436, 2008] Pre-S1 region of HBV large S protein- and HBV polymerase- targeting hsa-miR-210 suppresses HBV replication in HepG22.2.15 hepatocellular carcinoma cells without affecting cell growth. [Antiviral Res. 88:169-175, 2010] down-regulated in Huh7.5.1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells infected with the JFH-1-derived cell culture-grown HCV relative to UV-inactivated HCV [Virology 398:57-67, 2010] up-regulated in the liver tissue from paitents with hepatocellular carcinoma relative to adjancent normal tissue [Cancer Res.70: 8077-8087, 2010] down-regulated in the tissues of Barrett's premalignant esophagus with high-grade dysplasia relative to adjacent normal tissues [Clin. Cancer Res. 15:5744-5752, 2009] Hypoxia-induced hsa-miR-210 in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue correlates with hypoxia-related TWIST1, HIF-1 and its target gene carbonic anhydrase 9. hsa-miR-210 is not associated with tumor size, differentiation and stage, but with disease recurrence and short survival. [Cancer 116:2148-2158, 2010] down-regulated in temozolomide resistant-U251 glioblastoma multiforme cells relative to sensitive U251 cells [Cancer Lett. 296: 241-248, 2010] elevated in the plasma from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [Cancer Prev. Res. 2:807-813, 2009] elevated in the plasma from patients with pancreatic cancer relative to normal controls, and can be a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis. [Transl. Oncol. 3:109-113, 2010] hsa-miR-210 up-regulated in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue correlates with a poor prognosis [Int. J. Cancer 126:73-80, 2010] up-regulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue relative to adjacent normal tissue [Clin. Biochem. 43:150-158, 2010] up-regulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue relative to adjacent normal tissue [J. Cell. Mol. Med. 13:3918-3928, 2009] up-regulated in adrenocortical carcinoma relative to cortisol- producing adenoma [Endocr. Relat. Cancer 16:895-906, 2009] up-regulated in adrenal tissue from patients with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (bilateral adrenal hyperplasia often associated with Carney complex, a multiple neoplasia syndrome) [Cancer Res. 69:3278-3282, 2009] up-regulated in adrenal cortex tissue from patients with ACTH- independent Cushing syndrome caused by massive macronodular adrenocortical disease [Clin. Endocrinol. 72:744-751, 2010] up-regulated in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma [Int. J. Cancer 124:1358-1365, 2009] e2f transcription factor 3 (e2f3)-targeting hsa-miR-210 is up- regulated in ovarian cancer cells under hypoxia, and down-regulates e2f3  expression [Cancer Biol. Ther. 7:255-264, 2008] up-regulated in melanomas relative to melanocytic nevi, but the up- regulation does not correlate with survival. [Int. J. Cancer 126:2553- 2562, 2010] Efna3- and Ptp1b-targeting miR-210 is down-regulated in 48 hour- hypoxia-induced mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes relative to normal cells. miR-210-transduction facilitates angiogenesis and inhibits apoptosis in vitro  and in vivo  to improve ischemic heart function. [Circulation 122:S124-S131, 2010] up-regulated in failing and fetal human heart tissue [Circulation. 116: 258-267, 2007] up-regulated in human infarcted heart tissue within 7 days after myocaridial infarction relative to normal heart tissue [Dis. Markers 27:255-268, 2009] up-regulated in both intima and serum samples from patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans relative to normal controls, and may serve as a potential biomarker for early stage arteriosclerosis obliterans. [Clin. Chim. Acta 412:66-70, 2010]                             up-regulated in muscle specimens from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:17016-17021, 2007]                                                         down-regulated in human skeletal muscle biopsied 3 hours after insulin infusion-induced hyperinsulinemia with euglycemia [Diabetes 58:2555-2564, 2009]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 up-regulated in severe preeclamptic placentas relative to normal controls [Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 200:661.e1-e7, 2009] up-regulated in the placentas from patients with preeclampsia and preeclampsia plus small-for-gestational age neonates relative to normal controls [Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 196:261.e1-e6, 2007] down-regulated in lupus nephritis kidney [Rheumatol. Int. 29:749- 754, 2009] Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like1 (FGFRL1)-targeting hsa- miR-210 is down-regulated in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens and KYSE-150, -170, -190, and -590 cells, and transfection of the cells with hsa-miR-210 down-regulates FGFRL1 to suppress their proliferation. [J. Biol. Chem 286:420-428, 2011] up-regulated in human ES, neural precursor and glioma cells [Neuro-Oncol. 12:422-433, 2010] more frequently and densely hypermethylated around CpG shores than islands in human urothelial cell carcinoma. [Clin. Cancer Res. 17:1287-1296, 2011]
hsa-miR-302	4q25: 113569339-113569407	ES cell-specific  [Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun. 417:11-16, 2012] ES cell-specific, i.e. only expressed in SNU-hES3 and MIZ-hES1 human ES cells, mouse ES cells (less abundant than in human ES cells), human embryonic carcinoma cells and human embryoid body. [Dev. Biol. 270:488-498, 2004] Oct4/Sox2/Nanog/Tcf3 and Oct4 transcription factors bind to a promoter region of hsa-miR-302 preferentially expressed in murine and human ES cells, respectively. [Cell 134:521-533, 2008] cyclin D1-targeting hsa-miR-302 is specifically expressed in human ES and pluripotent cells, and represses cyclin D1 to facilitate their entry into S-phase by Oct4 and Sox2 binding to miR-302 promoter. [Mol. Cell Biol. 28:6426-6438, 2008] hsa-miR-302 is deacetylated in human ES cells, but hyperacetylated at K56 upon retinoic acid-induced differentiation [Mol. Cell 33:417-427, 2009] Specifically expressed in mouse ES cells, but is repressed as they differentiate into embryoid bodies, and is undetectable in adult mouse organs. [Dev. Cell 5:351-358, 2003] specifically expressed in murine ES cells and embryoid body [Mamm. Genome 18:316-327, 2007] specifically expressed in murine ES cells and embryoid body [Mamm.Genome 17:833-840, 2006] hsa-miR-302 is expressed specifically in embryonic cell types, including ES cells, embryoid bodies, trophoblasts, endoderm and iPS cells. [Genome Res. 20:589-599, 2010] expressed in 3D5, Jurkat, CMK, HL-60 and U937 leukemia cell lines [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 349:59-68, 2006] up-regulated in human ES, neural precursor and glioma cells [Neuro-Oncol. 12:422-433, 2010] highly expressed in 2102Ep and NTERA-2 human embryonal carcinoma cells and BG01V, HuES-9, -20, -21 and -22 human ES cells [Stem Cells 25:437-446, 2007] highly expressed in human ES cells with a lower expression level in EB cells, and undetectable in adult brain tissue. [Stem Cells Dev. 16: 1003-1016, 2007] NR2F2-targeting hsa-miR-302 is activated by Oct4 in the undifferentiated RUES2 human ES cells to repress NR2F2 gene. [EMBO J. 30:237-248, 2011] enhances reprogramming of human fibroblasts to iPS cells. [Nature Biotechnol. 29:443-448, 2011]
hsa-miR-149	2q37.3: 241395418-241395506	high GC content [Comput. Biol. Chem. 32:222-226, 2008] down-regulated and up-regulated in erythroid cells differentiated from human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and K562 cells, respectively [Exp. Hematol. 35:551-564, 2007] up-regulated in erythroid cells differentiated from normal peripheral blood MNCs [Exp. Hematol. 35:1657-1667, 2007] hsa-miR-149 expressed in T-cells targets the vpr gene of HIV-1. [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 337:1214-1218, 2005] up-regulated in MEG-01, UT-7, CMK and LAMA acute megakaryoblastic leukemia cells compared with megakaryocytes differentiated in vitro  from CD34+ bone marrow cells [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:5078-5083, 2006] down-regulated in the granulocytes from patients with myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia [Exp. Hematol. 35:1708-1718, 2007] up-regulated in Huh7.5.1 human hepatoma cells infected with the JFH-1-derived cell culture-grown HCV relative to UV-inactivated HCV [Virology 398:57-67, 2010] down-regulated　in prostate cancer specimen relative to paired adjacent normal tissue [Int. J. Cancer 126:1166-1176, 2010] down-regulated in human uterine cervical cancer cell lines [FEBS Lett. 582:4113-4116, 2008] down-regulated in SF268, SF295, SF539, SNB19, SNB75 and U251 central nervous system tumor cells [Cancer Res. 67:2456-2468, 2007] down-regulated in high-risk group of neuroblastoma than in low and intermediate risk groups. A cognate hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-149*, ectopically expressed in Be2C neuroblastoma cells and HeLa cells transfected with hsa-miR-149 represses Akt1 and E2F1 directly and Myb indirectly to induce apoptosis [Mol. Carcinog. 49:719-727, 2010] down-regulated in tongue carcinoma cells [Clin. Cancer Res. 14:2588 -2592, 2008] induced in SCC13 human keratinocyte-derived squamous cell carcinoma cells infected with p53 overexpressing adenovirus (Adp53) [RNA 15:493-501, 2009] down-regulated in the tissues of Barrett's premalignant esophagus with high-grade dysplasia relative to adjacent normal tissues [Clin. Cancer Res. 15:5744-5752, 2009] up-regulated over 10-fold higher in the placentas than in maternal blood cells and undetectable in postdelivery maternal plasma [Clin. Chem. 54:482-490, 2008] down-regulated in atopic dermatitis skin [J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol. 126:581-589, 2010] more frequently and densely hypermethylated around CpG shores than islands in human urothelial cell carcinoma. [Clin. Cancer Res. 17:1287-1296, 2011]
hsa-miR-105	Xq28: 151560691-151560771	down-regulated in the granulocytes from patients with myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia [Exp. Hematol. 35:1708-1718, 2007] Overexpression of hsa-miR-105 in A549 human lung carcinoma cells and HeLa human cervical adenocarcinoma cells decreases caspase-3 activity independently of TRAIL. [Cancer Res. 67:10782- 10788, 2007] up-regulated in the liver tissue from paitents with hepatocellular carcinoma relative to adjancent normal tissue [Cancer Res. 70:8077 -8087, 2010] down-regulated in glioblastoma relative to anaplastic astrocytoma. [Clin. Cancer Res. 16:4289-4297, 2010] down-regulated in serous, endometrioid, and clear cell ovarian carcinoma cells compared with the normal tissue [Cancer Res. 67: 8699-8707, 2007] Toll-like receptor 2-targeting miR-105 is up-regulated in human gingival keratinocytes with a diminished production of IL-6 and TNF- α in response to TLR-2/TLR-4 agonist, Porphyromonas gingivalis   [J. Biol. Chem. 284:23107-23115, 2009] down-regulated in human adipocytes relative to preadipocytes. [Mol. Cell. Biol. 31:626-638, 2011]
hsa-miR-367	4q25: 113569030-113569097	specifically expressed in ES cells [Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun. 417:11-16, 2012] not expressed in 3D5, Jurkat, K562, CMK, HL-60 and U937 leukemia cell lines [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 349:59-68, 2006] up-regulated in HEK-293T and HeLa cells to suppress FXR1P, and hairpin inhibitors against miR- 367 increases FXR1P expression. [RNA 16:1530-1539, 2010] copy number loss in ovarian cancer, breast cancer and melanoma [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:9136-9141, 2006] down-regulated in glioblastoma relative to anaplastic astrocytoma. The human miR-367 is a potential stemness regulator in ES cells, reprogram tumor cells into an ES cell-like state, and could be involved in malignant transformation of gliomas. [Clin. Cancer Res. 16:4289-4297, 2010] up-regulated in the malignant germ cell tumors including yolk sac tumor and seminoma/embryonal carcinoma [Cancer Res. 70:2911- 2923, 2010] up-regulated in failing heart tissue [Circulation. 116:258-267, 2007] up-regulated in human ES, neural precursor and glioma cells [Neuro-Oncol. 12:422-433, 2010] highly expressed in 2102Ep and NTERA-2 human embryonal carcinoma cells and BG01V, HuES-9, -20, -21 and -22 human ES cells [Stem Cells 25:437-446, 2007] highly expressed in human ES cells with a lower expression level in EB cells and adult brain tissue. [Stem Cells Dev. 16:1003-1016, 2007]

Disease-based microme is also presented at The human microRNA disease database (HMDD).

Tissue/organ expression of scgf-targeting miRNA
Human			Rat
miRNA	Tissue/organ	Values	miRNA	Tissue/organ	Values
hsa-miR-151-3p	Hepatocell-carcinoma-Huh7-HCV	0.017	rno-miR-382	Striatum-adult	0.001
	AML-Kas1	0.014
	Cervix-HeLa-CD4	0.008
	Seminoma-2073-NE1	0.007
hsa-miR-615-3p	Breast-adenocarcinoma-MCF7	0.003	rno-miR-96	hyroid-FRTL5	0.005
				Pheochrom-PC12-NGF	0.005
	Kidney-embryo-HEK293-6d	0.002		Thyroid-FRTL5-Ras-tamox-48h	0.002
	Osteocarcinoma-U20s-uninduced	0.001		Thyroid-FRTL5-Ras-tamox-7d	0.002
				Pheochrom-PC12	0.002
hsa-miR-328	Spleen	0.004	rno-miR-488	Striatum-embryo	0.006
	B-ALL-d0	0.002		Cortex-embryo	0.006
	Hodgkin-L591	0.002		Striatum-adult	0.003
	T-cell-CD4-A301	0.001		Hippocamp-adult	0.001
	Astroblastoma-DD040080	0.001		Cortex-adult	0.001
hsa-miR-210	T-cell-CD4-A301	0.019
	DLBCL-SUDHL6	0.016
	Burkitt-BL41-mock	0.013
	T-cell-CD4-ACH2	0.013
	Hodgkin-L591	0.01
	BL-BCBL1-new	0.01
	Hodgkin-L428	0.009
	Burkitt-BL41-95-EBV	0.009
	Renal carcinoma-DH1-diff-6d	0.008
	Gliobl-U87	0.006
hsa-miR-302a	Seminoma-2073	0.213
	Teratocarcinoma-NT2-norm	0.173
	Teratocarcinoma-PA1	0.146
	Seminoma-2073-NE1	0.126
	Teratocarcinoma-NT2-RA	0.098
	Ewing Sarcoma-A673	0.002
hsa-miR-149	Seminoma-2073-NE1	0.007
	Breast-duct-carcinoma-SKBR3	0.004
	Frontal-cortex-adult	0.003
	Midbrain-adult	0.002
	Osteosarcoma-U20s-uninduced	0.002
	Neurobl-SHSY5Y	0.002
	Kidney-embryo-HEK293-6d	0.002
	Heart	0.002
	Teratocarcinoma-NT2-norm	0.001
hsa-miR-105	Neurobl-SHSY5Y-RA	0.003
	Osteosarcoma-U20s-ind-24h	0.003
	Adrenocarcinoma-SW-YFV	0.001
	Breast-duct-carcinoma SKBR3	0.001
hsa-miR-367	Teratocarcinoma-PA1	0.111
	Seminoma-2073	0.103
	eratocarcinoma-NT2-norma	0.092
	Seminoma-2073-NE1	0.043
	Teratocarcinoma-NT2-RA	0.042